![]() If you’re having a destination wedding, I’d give yourself at least a month or two before the wedding date. This is normally 2-4 weeks before the wedding date. What to include on an online RSVP form: What you must include: This will help keep the traditional formal vibe of a paper invitation, without skimping on the modernity of having a wedding website. You could also include a separate wedding website card with your mailed invitations. Please respond before March 1st using the following website: Here’s some online RSVP wording examples for paper Save the Dates and Invitations: You’re certainly not inviting all of your facebook friends to your wedding, so why share with them all of your wedding details? They might even think that they are invited and show up. I definitely do not recommend sharing your wedding website on social media platforms, however. You could also send a paper RSVP card to those who you think might have difficulties accessing your website online. If you’re worried about some of your more “mature” guests being able to use your online RSVP form and wedding website, you can include an email or phone number on the wedding invitation as well. Organizing travel for a wedding abroad is a lot of work, and your guests will need plenty of time to plan accordingly. RSVP WEBSITE FREEIf you’re getting married abroad, feel free to send these a lot earlier than recommended. Normally a Save the Date is sent out any where from 4-8 months before your wedding date and Invitations are sent out 6-8 weeks before. Simply include a short phrase at the bottom of the card with the URL of your wedding website. The most obvious place to share this information would be on your Wedding Invitation or Save The Date. How to share your Wedding Website and RSVP form with guests The traditional method of sending pre-addressed, postage paid RSVP cards in the mail is becoming a bit passé, and many brides are opting for online RSVP forms because they are cheaper, paperless, and much more efficient.Īnd if you are planning on having a wedding website already, then you’ll have the perfect place to pop in a RSVP form and track all of your guests’ responses. Food and drinks, decorations, seating arrangements, gifts- all of these elements will require a number before finalizing your plans. You need to have an idea of how many guests will be attending your wedding so that you can plan accordingly. RSVP Program Coordinator - click to see more-THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer If you or someone you know wishes to learn more about AmeriCorps Seniors RSVP, give us a call (320)255-7295 to get more information.Collecting RSVPs is an essential part of wedding planning. RSVP Program Coordinator - click to see more-THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! Applications accepted through the City of St Cloud. RSVP Program Coordinator - click to see more-THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer!Applications accepted through the City of St Cloud. THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! Applications accepted through the City of St Cloud. Contact Heather at (763)635-4505 or to learn more or sign up. This is a very important position, providing information and direction to visitors and callers to the Center. RSVP Program Coordinator - click to see moreRSVP is calling! Volunteers are needed to serve at the Sherburne County Government Center at the front Greeter Desk. VIEW ALL OF THE LATEST on the RSVP menu of volunteer opportunities here THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! THANK YOU for serving as an RSVP volunteer! Applications accepted through the City of St Cloud. ![]()
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![]() Store the fudge in an airtight container on the counter for 1 to 2 weeks, about 3 weeks in the refrigerator, or 3 months in the freezer. You just want to heat the mixture until the chocolate is fully melted. This timing is a based on my microwave which is 1200 Watts, so your cook time may very. Remove the 3-ingredient fudge from the pan and cut it into 1-inch square pieces. Directions Mix all dry ingredients together in a 8x8 inch microwave safe pan (important to use this size pan). In a large microwave-safe bowl, stir chocolate chips and sweetened condensed milk together and microwave in 30-second increments until smooth and completely melted. In a large microwave-safe bowl add the chocolate, sweetened condensed milk, and butter.If you're chilling the fudge overnight, you can lightly press a piece of plastic wrap on the top to keep it from drying out. and in less than 5 minutes 4. Pour into a 20cm tin lined with greaseproof paper. If sugar is undissolved after 10 minutes microwave further till ready. Microwave on high for 10 minutes stopping every 2 1/2 minutes to stir. Chill in the refrigerator for 1 hour, until the fudge is firm. The easiest Microwave Malteser Fudge recipe made with just 3 ingredients (chocolate, sweetened condensed milk & Maltesers). Place sugar (400g Brown Sugar (Demerara)) and butter (100g) into a large microwaveable bowl. Pour the fudge into the prepared baking pan and smooth out the top using a silicone spatula.Quickly pour the mixture into a 9x13 pan, allow fudge to set, cut into. Pour the melted frosting in the bowl with the peanut butter and mix well. Heat vanilla frosting in its container (make sure you pull off all the foil lining) in microwave for about 60 seconds or until completely melted. If you're adding chopped nuts, nut butter, or cookies, fold them into the mixture now. Empty entire jar of peanut butter in a mixing bowl. When the mixture is smooth, carefully remove it from the heat. Heat the water over medium heat, stirring frequently to melt the chocolate evenly. In a double boiler on the stovetop, place the white chocolate chips into the bowl along with the vanilla frosting. Be sure the bottom of the bowl does not touch the bottom of the saucepan. Alternatively, place a heat-safe bowl over a saucepan with 1 to 2 inches of water in the base.Continue heating in 30-second intervals until the chocolate is smooth. Remove the bowl from the microwave and stir. In a microwave-safe medium bowl, combine the chocolate chips and sweetened condensed milk.If you don't have parchment paper, you can use plastic wrap, but it's best to use a liner that creates "handles" to lift out the fudge as opposed to greasing the pan with butter or cooking spray. Vanilla fudge easy 4 ing microwave recipe vanilla fudge easy 4 ing microwave recipe vanilla fudge easy 4 ing microwave recipe microwavable cream fudge recipe rogers lantic sugar. Line an 8x8 baking pan with parchment paper or wax paper and set aside. ![]() ![]()
The latter uses a 'one button' logic to clean, protect and accelerate your Mac. #DAISYDISK CLEANER MAC MAC#On the other hand, CleanMyMac X is more tuned for automated Mac optimization. #DAISYDISK CLEANER MAC FREE#down screenĭaisy Disk is a good way to free up space on your disk, since it knows what you are deleting. Both applications see junk files differently: see the comparison table and the screenshots of screen. CleanMyMac X is more like a large-scale control station for your Mac, while Daisy Disk is an elegant solution for a light Mac cleaning. Comparing them is a bit like comparing a mini car with a Porsche. When finished, clean it with a single click.ĬleanMyMac X and Daisy Disk are popular cleaning tools that love millions of Mac users. Expand the collector to check its contents. In this way, walk around your disk and drag and drop all the unnecessary files into the 'collector'. Press the spacebar to get a quick preview of the contents of the file, without starting another application. Move the mouse over the diagram and see the name and path of each file, and the attachments (if any). To delve into a folder, simply click on a segment. The program scans your disk and displays its contents as a sector diagram where the larger files and folders become obvious at the same time. Now we tell you everything you need to know to make a perfect choice between Daisy Disk ad CleanMyMac X. CleanMyMac X offers an extensive set of tools to manage your applications, such as application updater, the uninstaller and the application restart function. DaisyDisk 4.7.2.2 Crackĭaisy Disk is a good way to free up space on your disk, since it knows what you are deleting. In addition, it consists of primary instruments designed to preview and eliminate unwanted merchandise. DaisyDisk Mac Crack is an especially useful gadget that will present you in an easy way for the user what the paperwork deals with large chunks of wardrobe space. It allows you to send explicit devices to the 'Compiler' panel and then, soon, delete the information from the application, with a click of the mouse. #DAISYDISK CLEANER MAC FOR MAC#Now we tell you everything you need to know to make a perfect choice between Daisy Disk and CleanMyMac X.ĭaisyDisk four Serial Key For Mac scans the Mac and provides an inventory of places that can be examined. In addition, it consists of primary instruments designed to preview and eliminate unwnted merchandise.ĭaisy Disk is a good way to free up space on your disk, since it knows what you are deleting. When finished, clean it with a single click.ĭaisyDisk four Serial Key For Mac scans the Mac and provides an inventory of places that can be examined. #DAISYDISK CLEANER MAC PDF#Windows daisydisk free download - Windows 10, PDF Reader for Windows 7, Viber for Windows, and many more programs. DaisyDisk 4.7.2 Crack Mac allows you to visualize the use of your disk and free the house from the disk by discovering and removing a large amount of unused information shortly. #DAISYDISK CLEANER MAC REGISTRATION#DaisyDisk 4.7.2.2 Crack + Registration Code Free Download 2019. ![]() ![]() Many smaller coolers don’t come with a rubber gasket so we are glad that Stanley decided to include one.Īnd to make the most of this gasket, Stanley has its intuitive latch system. This gasket helps to ensure a tight seal which helps in keeping unwanted moisture out but also helps to prolong ice life. Having a rubber gasket is a common practice in larger, premium coolers but it is sort of a rarity when it comes to smaller coolers. Going along with these thick walls is a rubber gasket. You will also find a healthy dose of foam insulation in the lid of these coolers. This is also a side-effect of not being a roto-molded design but Stanley has seemed to make the most of it. As the name suggests, there are two walls instead of one. Specifically, Stanley uses what they call “ double wall” foam. This not only helps with ice life but also adds to the overall toughness. Stanley states that their coolers can have up to twice the thickness of their competition. Don’t let its small stature fool you: Stanley Coolers come with surprisingly thick foam walls. Instead, their goal is to make a simple and mobile cooler that can meet the needs of an individual or a small group for a relatively short period.įirst, let’s talk about the walls. Stanley isn’t trying to break any records when it comes to ice retention or to have incredible storage capacity. The primary goal with these ice chests is convenience. Going along with this, some features help Stanley to stand out from much of its competition. The “2 in 1” combo has helped to make the Stanley Heritage Cooler extremely popular as a lunch or work cooler.Ī glance at a Stanley Cooler and it is easy to tell that it is has a unique and easy-to-identify design. #Grizzly adventure ice chest coolers seriesBut what makes the Heritage Cooler stand out from the Adventure Series coolers is that it comes with a 1.1-quart Stanley vacuum bottle that is locked onto the lid (more on this feature later). This series is limited to a single model: a cooler with around 7 quarts. The second series offered up by Stanley is their Heritage line. That being said, Stanley is focusing on smaller applications such as lunch outings, short picnics, or small camping trips rather than week-long adventures for a large group. And due to their limited storage space, their overall ice life may not be up to the levels you are used to seeing on larger premium coolers. These coolers will fall into the personal and small-sized categories on our site. They come in 7-quart, 16-quart, and 30-quart models (there is also a 2-gallon water jug but we won’t be focusing on it for this review).Īs you can likely see, Stanley focuses on smaller coolers. The Stanley Adventure Series Coolers are the largest collection that Stanley makes. We discuss both in greater detail in the next sections. If you wish to check out all of our reviews on giant coolers, simply scroll down and you will find links to all of our reviews.As we mentioned above, there are currently two series of Stanley Coolers to choose from: their Adventure Series and their Heritage Series. We recommend not skimping on quality here because you want to try to save some money.īelow is a table that shows the best giant coolers according to our rating system. Making sure to shop around for a high-quality product is especially important in this range, as a lapse in cooling could potentially ruin a significant amount of food or drinks. As such, these are generally the most expensive coolers in the overall cost. At this size, it is easy to include various features such as compartmentalized internal storage, drain plugs, measuring devices, embedded slots for ice packs, multiple carrying handles, wheels, and many other examples.Ĭoincidentally, many of the premium brands focus a lot of their efforts on these sizes, since typically they will need to be able to keep items cool for long periods. They are almost exclusively made of plastic and oftentimes come with higher-tier support materials such as metal hardware and rubber grips to help support the large size and weight. They are intended for large parties/events as well as long, multi-person excursions that go on for several days. This is the largest size category that we have, which means that these are extremely large coolers. We define “giant” as any ice chest that has 100 or more quarts of storage volume. This is a listing of all giant-sized coolers we have reviewed. ![]() ![]() Viburnum tinus belongs to the beautiful honeysuckle family, and varies in height from 2 to 3m tall, with an almost equal spread. Clip them in the winter to avoid removing new growth and keep them wider at the base so that the lower branches get sunlight.Ĭonsider planting the hedges in a zig-zag formation to give the space appeal while allowing the shrubs to get air circulation and sun.This ‘golden oldie’ remains popular with gardeners today for its reliability and abundance of good qualities. Hand prune the hedges before trimming them back with shears. However, certain low profile shrubs and bigger ones need regular pruning to help them maintain a manicured appearance. Most are low-maintenance and require little to no effort to grow. Hedging shrubs create wildlife habitats, hide unsightly areas, and add curb appeal. Tall hedge plants act as a buffer from wind and street noise and are also perfect for screening your yard from prying eyes. They’re great for creating a border around a garden or the base of your home. There are many purposes for growing hedges. What are the Benefits of Planting Hedges? Try to plant various bushes rather than just one type to prevent pests and diseases from killing off an entire planting. If you plan on edging a walkway or driveway with a hedge, look for low-growing shrubs.įor creating a dense wall of privacy, pick shrubs with a mature height that suits your needs. This makes it easier to narrow down your search. The first step is to compare the bush’s hardiness zone to your area. The types of shrubs you choose are basically about preference, but there are a few things to consider when browsing your local nursery. However, evergreens, such as Thuja occidentalis, keep their foliage all year round and are a better alternative for hedging if you desire consistent privacy, windbreak, and natural beauty through all four seasons. Shrubs such as the rose of Sharon are deciduous and drop their leaves at the end of the season. Why Choose Evergreens for Planting Hedges? It’s common to plant pine trees for privacy, along with many other types of trees but why not use shrubs instead? With so many evergreen options, it’s hard to know which ones are ideal for your landscaping plan.Īre you looking to create a low border beside a walkway, or do you desire a tall and majestic privacy screen? We’ll help you choose the right hedges for your home, no matter your preference. Hedging with Evergreen Shrubs for Borders and Privacy California Lilac (Ceanothus) – Versatile and Free-Flowering Shrub.Variegated Japanese Laurel (Aucuba japonica).Firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea) – Evergreen Shrub with Fierce Thorns.Leyland Cypress (Cupressus × leylandii).Golden Bell (Forsythia suspensa) – Cheerful Shrub with Early Spring Flowers.Privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) – Classic Privacy Hedge.Chinese Quinine (Dichroa febrifuga) – Flowering Evergreen Shrub.Barberry (Berberis) – Tough Hedge Plants with Vibrant Foliage.Arborvitae Green Giant (Thuja plicata) – Large Evergreen Shrubs for Hedges.What are the Benefits of Planting Hedges?.Why Choose Evergreens for Planting Hedges?.Hedging with Evergreen Shrubs for Borders and Privacy.(belchonock/siegfriedkopp/animaflorapicsstock/maykal/danilevskiy/max5555/) Some bushes are fast-growing shrubs and quickly create borders, while others take their time. They range in size, shape, color, and texture and offer privacy with their natural form. Evergreens are an excellent choice for hedges and make perfect living screens. Some are deciduous with seasonal growth, and others are evergreen for year-round interest. Some hedges are decorative with their blooms and variegated leaves, while others are more structural with their clean lines and shape. The best way to accomplish this style is with evergreen shrubs for hedges, and there are many examples to choose from.Ī hedge is a living wall of shrubbery, and while they have many primary functions, their appearance varies. They give the landscape a look of structure and beauty while creating natural borders. We’ve long admired those yards lined with neatly trimmed hedges, rounded shrubs of flowers, and perfectly edged privacy plants. ![]() ![]()
Toggl is best suited for team-based environments. Choose to limit accessibility privileges of team members based on their role-a necessary configuration if you’re working in an agency with designers, account managers, and developers on the same project. Team-friendly features: Segment team members into specific user groups.Cross-functionality: Like Harvest, Toggl works well on all mobile and desktop operating systems and even includes a Google Chrome app.Intuitive organization: Organize timesheets by projects, clients, or other unique tags. #TRACKINGTIME ADD TASK PDF#Once a job is complete or an invoice is needed, export reports to Excel, CSV, or PDF formats to share with clients.
![]() I recommend allotting at least 4 hours for the whole experience. The screen will be titled 'Pixelstick updater v1.0' and display the message 'Firmware Found, Press fire to update.' If the message reads 'No Firmware Found' then turn off the pixelstick, eject the SD card and check on your computer that the firmware files are saved correctly to the root of the SD card. When you come back you'll get to choose your photos and products, and place your order. This is a good time for you to grab a bite to eat. Pixelstick boudoir how to#You don't have to know how to pose on your own! Once we're finished with the shoot portion of your experience, we'll take an hour break while I prepare the photos for you to see. I am trying to learn how to control it from either vixen or xlights. Pixelstick boudoir full#I got my pixelstick last week and was able to get it on the network and control it. The Pixelstick is a lightweight aluminum rod that contains 200 full color LED lights and a rotating sleeve on the handle that allows you to paint with smooth strokes. What can happen if you make me wait in my boudoir too long - Simi & Thorsten Sack. I'll guide you through poses that fit the look you're going for. This my first year getting into pixel lights, and light control. September 2022 Issue Vol 2 - October 8, 2022. You'll bring three outfits for your shoot (an "outfit" doesn't have to be clothes, a nude set can count as an outfit). There's never anyone else present during your shoot unless you decide to do a couple's boudoir shoot or a shoot on the same day as a friend. When she's finished with your hair and makeup, she'll leave us so that we have privacy for your shoot. You'll have an hour to relax and get used to the space while you're having your hair and makeup done by one of my top quality artists. All you have to do is show up and leave the rest to me and my team. After the installation you can select the ESP8266 WeMos D1 Mini that has the name LOLIN (WEMOS) D1 R2 & mini under Tools Board. Now search for NodeMCU or ESP8266 and you will find the esp8266 by ESP8266 Community. You don't have to do your hair or makeup. Click in the Arduino IDE on Tools Board Board Manager. On the day of your shoot, you don't have to worry about a thing. ![]() ![]()
There is a way you should be able to get rid of the pop-ups without deleting the program entirely, but it involves modifying some task files in your system. Even so, you may not enjoy being faced with pop-ups at regular intervals. It usually does this if you try to unzip any files at any point after your evaluation period has ended, but you may be faced with other pop-ups throughout the life of the program, too.Īlthough you could uninstall WinZip in order to get rid of the pop-ups, perhaps there are reasons why you would like to keep it on your system. How Do I Stop WinZip Pop-Ups?Īs we touched on, WinZip will create pop-ups that will ask you to purchase the commercial version. You can click the appropriate button to have the native uninstaller remove it from your computer. Scroll until you get near the bottom, and you should find WinZip listed there.Ħ. From here, you’ll see a whole list of the programs installed on your computer, and it should be arranged alphabetically by default.ĥ. Click on this to be taken to a new window.Ĥ. Once you do, you should find that it lists the top result as ‘Apps & features’. In the appropriate window, look for ‘Apps’. However, an even quicker way is to open up the ‘Start’ menu that you can activate from the bottom of your taskbar.ģ. You can get to the place where your programs are stored and listed by opening up ‘Control Panel’.Ģ. With most versions of Windows, you can just follow these steps:ġ. If you’ve used the trial version of WinZip and are done with it, you may wish to get it off of your computer to free up space or prevent pop-ups.įortunately, most modern operating systems make it very easy to delete unwanted programs from your computer. #FREE VERSION OF WINZIP DOWNLOAD UPGRADE#They can make the decision to upgrade to the commercial version, or they can find another solution to their file decompression needs. You may be able to get around this by notifying your company that trials like WinZip are expiring on work computers. #FREE VERSION OF WINZIP DOWNLOAD HOW TO#This is probably because it is the IT department that is tasked with deciding how to handle licensing and payments for programs that the business would like to use. If you do try to upgrade WinZip in such a scenario, you may get a message that says you need administrator rights or privileges in order to proceed with this operation. This would include all programs that the company feels are necessary, and it would offer access rights to you as the user for only the tasks you might need to complete as part of your job. The department will usually configure all the computers to the standards set forth by the business. In most cases, this will happen because you’re working on a business computer that is set up through the IT department at your company. It is possible that you can’t upgrade to the paid version of WinZip even if you want to, however. #FREE VERSION OF WINZIP DOWNLOAD FULL VERSION#This restriction will remain until you decide to purchase the full version of the product. In short, you’ll no longer be able to use WinZip to compress or decompress files once the trial ends. If you do try to continue unzipping files using the program, this pop-up will appear and ask you to fill in the details to get to the full version. Overall, WinZip is rated as one of the few software that supports high-speed file compression and decompression along with WinRAR and 7-Zip users love and use.īy supporting the compression of many popular file formats today along with extracting many different files, WinZip is always highly appreciated for its performance and processing speed.In fact, if this phase does expire, you will be met with a pop-up from the company asking you if you would like to purchase the full version. How to compress and decompress files with WinZIP is very simple, if you are familiar with using WinRAR or 7 Zip, compressing files with WinZip as well as extracting them is similar, from the right-click menu you select the compression program or solution WinZIP compression is done. Allows users to compress files and share quickly to their partners or friends. #FREE VERSION OF WINZIP DOWNLOAD DRIVER#With the integration of social networks like Facebook, Twitter or online data storage and sharing network including Dropbox, Google Driver or SkyDrive. The latest version of WinZip is currently at Winzip latest version. ![]() ![]() These are active in growth and ossify when growth is completed in early adulthoodįound in the wrist and ankle (carpals and tarsals) The epiphyses contain epiphyseal cartilage/plates near each end of the bone. Tubular in shape with a central shaft (diaphysis) which contains bone marrowĬompletely covered (except for joint surfaces) in periosteum Their shape and structure are governed by genetic, metabolic and mechanical factors (see Table 4.1). Adults have approximately 206, varying slightly between individuals depending on small bone fusion during growth.īones are classified in many ways. At birth there are over 300 bones, some of which fuse later. The skeleton is strong, light and flexible, representing about 20% of the total body weight, half of which is water. These structures work in unison to allow movement. The skeleton is made of bone, cartilage and ligaments. Opposition – moving of the thumb to the fingers or the palm for grasping objects.One term does not relate to a pair and is unique to the movement of the thumb: Depression – motion of the limb downwards e.g.Elevation – motion of the limb upwards e.g.Retraction – movement backwards in the transverse plane e.g.biting the upper lip with the lower teeth. Protraction – movement forward in the transverse plane e.g.Rotation – rotation of a joint along the horizontal axis of the bone laterally or medially.Dorsiflexion – the toes are pushed up towards the body.Plantar flexion – the toes are pushed down away from the body.Eversion – movement of the foot and ankle, leaving the sole of the foot facing away from the midline.Inversion – movement of the foot and ankle, leaving the sole of the foot facing towards the midline.Adduction – movement of the limb towards the midline.Abduction – movement of the limb away from the midline.Supination – rotation of the arm so the hand faces forwards.Pronation – rotation of the arm the hand faces away from the anatomical position to face backwards.Extension – straightening movement the angle of the joint is increased.Flexion – bending movement the angle of a joint is decreased.Box 4.1 gives the most commonly used terms. Anatomical terminology and movementĪnatomical directions and terminology assists practitioners to use a systematic approach to describing and orientating the human body. This material is reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The transverse (horizontal) plane – lies horizontally through the body dividing it into superior and inferior parts.įigure 4.2 Planes of the body.The coronal (frontal) plane – lies vertically through the body dividing it into anterior and posterior parts.The sagittal (vertical/median) plane – lies vertically through the body dividing it into left and right parts.Human movement is described in three dimensions (or planes) which divide the human body ( Figure 4.2) The appendicular skeleton consists of the pectoral girdle and the upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs that make movement possible and protect the organs of the pelvis. It provides structural support, attachment points for ligaments and muscles and protection for the brain, spinal cord and major organs of the chest. The skeleton has two distinct sections: The axial skeleton consists of the skull bones, inner ear, ribs, vertebrae and sternum. This material is reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. the patient) not the left and right of the observer.įigure 4.1 Anatomical position. When referring to the right and left of the body it is the right and left of the person who is the subject of discussion (e.g. The human body is described as being in anatomical position when the body is upright with the head facing forward, hands at the side facing forward with the thumbs pointing away from the body and the feet hip-width apart with the feet and toes pointing forward ( Figure 4.1). It is also essential to provide a common language which is effective in interdisciplinary communication as this ensures practitioners can explain specific conditions, injuries, surgery and treatment to other staff, patients and relatives to enable them to engage in their care. It is essential that orthopaedic and trauma practitioners know and understand the terms used to describe anatomical positions and the structures involved in musculoskeletal conditions, injuries and surgery to facilitate safe, high quality care. Structure and function are linked and it is impossible to discuss one without the other. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of musculoskeletal structure and function while relating it to human movement. The musculoskeletal system and human movementĢ Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK Introduction ![]() ![]() notatus may have arisen due to long term geographical isolation following drying of the Australian continent after the Pliocene and the uplift of the Great Dividing Range, by a process known as allopatric speciation. breviceps is a range-restricted species that is sensitive to damaging events such as the 2019-20 Australian bushfires, which significantly affected large portions of its habitat. This indicates that contrary to previous findings of a large range (which in fact applied to P. In addition, other sugar glider populations throughout this range (such as those on New Guinea and the Cape York Peninsula) may represent undescribed species or be conspecific with previously-described species. breviceps, restricted to a small section of coastal forest in southern Queensland and most of New South Wales. breviceps actually comprised three cryptic species: the Krefft's glider ( Petaurus notatus), found throughout most of eastern Australia and introduced to Tasmania, the savanna glider ( Petaurus ariel) native to northern Australia, and the true P. biacensis, from Biak Island off New Guinea, was reclassified as a separate species, Biak glider ( Petaurus biacensis). breviceps, sufficient enough to split into multiple species. įurther studies found significant variation within populations classified in P. However, genetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA indicated that the morphological subspecies may not represent genetically unique populations. These seven subspecies were designated by small morphological differences such as colour and body size. It was formerly thought to have had a wide range across Australia and New Guinea, the only glider to have this distribution, and to be divided into seven subspecies three occurring in Australia, four in New Guinea, although debate regarding current species delineation continues. The taxonomy of the species has changed over time. The earliest Petaurus species occurred in Australia 4.46 million years ago. The genus Petaurus is believed to have originated during the early to mid Miocene period (18 to 24 million years ago), then dispersed from New Guinea to Australia where Australian Petaurus species diverged. Members of Petaurus are popular exotic pets and are frequently also referred to as "sugar gliders", but these are now thought to likely represent another species from West Papua, tentatively classified in Krefft's glider ( P. The sugar glider is native to a small portion of southeastern Australia, in the regions of southern Queensland and most of New South Wales east of the Great Dividing Range. The animal is covered in soft, pale grey to light brown fur which is countershaded, being lighter in colour on its underside. Gliding serves as an efficient means of reaching food and evading predators. The sugar glider is characterised by its pair of gliding membranes, known as patagia, which extend from its forelegs to its hindlegs. The scientific name, Petaurus breviceps, translates from Latin as "short-headed rope-dancer", a reference to their canopy acrobatics. They have very similar habits and appearance to the flying squirrel, despite not being closely related-an example of convergent evolution. The common name refers to its predilection for sugary foods such as sap and nectar and its ability to glide through the air, much like a flying squirrel. The sugar glider ( Petaurus breviceps) is a small, omnivorous, arboreal, and nocturnal gliding possum belonging to the marsupial infraclass. ![]() |
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